Family, friends, and acquaintances are often the first to observe early behavioral changes that may indicate an interest in violent extremism.
The term ‘radicalisation’ refers to the process through which an individual adopts extreme thinking and behaviors. If you are aware that someone has radicalised to the extent of promoting or threatening violence, it is your responsibility to report this. Guidance on how to do so can be found at Seek Help and Report.
While each individual is unique and there is no singular path to radicalisation leading to violent extremism, several behaviors are frequently noted among those on a radicalisation pathway.
Ideological Changes
During the process of radicalisation, an individual's ideology tends to become progressively more extreme. This shift is often accompanied by a decreasing tolerance for alternative viewpoints, and the individual may begin to vilify those who disagree. It is important to note that an increase in religious devotion or commitment to beliefs does not equate to radicalisation towards violent extremism. While hateful ideologies may be disturbing or offensive, they are not considered violent extremism unless the individual advocates for violence or unlawful actions. The use of the internet to view, download, and distribute violent extremist material is commonly part of the radicalisation process. While some individuals may occasionally access such content out of curiosity, those undergoing radicalisation are more likely to collect and share this material with others.
Social Changes
Many individuals are drawn to extremist groups for social reasons. As a person begins to radicalise, they often distance themselves from mainstream activities and social circles. This may lead to conflicts with family and friends over political or ideological differences. Some individuals may increasingly engage with smaller, more insular networks of people who share their beliefs. In certain cases, these groups may require new members to undergo initiation processes or take an oath of allegiance to demonstrate their commitment. Recruitment into violent extremist groups can take place either in person or through online platforms.
Negative Experiences
A significant negative event, or a series of such events, can trigger or accelerate an individual's radicalisation process. These may include:
Exposure to hateful attitudes and actions, either as a victim or perpetrator
Adverse changes in their living, educational, or employment circumstances
Overseas events that impact their community, family, or friends
Personal challenges such as health issues, addiction, anger, or social difficulties
Breakdowns in friendships and/or personal relationships
Mental health concerns
Experiences of discrimination
Individuals facing these challenges can benefit greatly from strong support networks provided by family, friends, and the broader community.
Criminal Activity
As part of the radicalisation process, an individual may begin to engage in criminal activities to draw attention to their beliefs or convey a message. These actions can include:
Vandalism
Minor property damage
Trespassing
Illegal protesting
Radicalised individuals may attempt to influence a government or segment of the community through threats. Once a person fully commits to violence, an actual violent attack can occur rapidly. Additionally, they may become increasingly suspicious or anxious about the actions of governments or law enforcement agencies.